Printer cradle for various print speed printheads

ABSTRACT

A printer cradle is provided which has a body for removably receiving each of a range of inkjet printheads and a controller for determining a print speed of an inserted printhead. The printheads within the range are able to operate at print speeds different than one another. Each printhead has printhead contacts for receiving data and power for operating the printhead. The body has complementary contacts for establishing electrical connection with the printhead contacts of each printhead upon insertion thereof into the body. The controller has a plurality of separate integrated circuits. Each integrated circuit has a memory buffer for print data and the controller is configured to determine how many of the integrated circuits are needed to operate the inserted printhead at the determined print speed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.10/760,204 filed on Jan. 21, 2004 all of which is herein incorporatedwithin reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a printer system and in particular to acradle unit for receiving a removable printer cartridge for an inkjetprinter system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS

The following applications have been filed by the Applicantsimultaneously with application Ser. No. 10/760,204:

7156508 7159972 7083271 7165834 7080894 7201469 7090336 7156489 741328310/760246 7083257 7258422 7255423 7219980 10/760253 7416274 73676497118192 10/760194 7322672 7077505 7198354 7077504 10/760189 71983557401894 7322676 7152959 7213906 7178901 7222938 7108353 710462910/760254 10/760210 7364263 7201468 7360868 10/760249 7234802 72878467156511 10/760264 7258432 7097291 10/760222 10/760248 7083273 73676477374355 10/760204 10/760205 10/760206 10/760267 10/760270 71983527364264 7303251 7201470 7121655 7293861 7232208 7328985 7344232 708327210/760180 7111935 10/760213 10/760219 10/760237 7261482 10/7602207002664 10/760252 10/760265 7237888 7168654 7201272 6991098 72170516944970 10/760215 7108434 10/760257 7210407 7186042 10/760266 69207047217049 10/760214 10/760260 7147102 7287828 7249838 10/760241The disclosures of these co-pending applications are incorporated hereinby reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Traditionally, most commercially available inkjet printers employ aprinthead that traverse back and forth across the width of the printmedia as it prints. Such a print head is supplied with ink for printingand typically has a finite life, after which replacement of theprinthead is necessary. Due to the size and configuration of thetraversing printhead, removal and replacement of this element isrelatively easy, and the printer unit is designed to enable easy accessto this element. Whilst printer systems employing such traditionaltraversing printheads have proven capable of performing printing tasksto a sufficient quality, as the printhead must continually traverse thestationary print media, such systems are typically slow, particularlywhen used to perform print jobs of photo quality.

Recently, it has been possible to provide printheads that extend theentire width of the print media so that the printhead remains stationaryas the print media progresses past. Such printheads are typicallyreferred to as pagewidth printheads, and as the printhead does not moveback and forth across the print media, much higher printing speeds arepossible with this printhead than with traditionally traversingprintheads. However as the printhead is the length of the print media,it must be supported within the structure of the printer unit andrequires multiple electrical contacts to deliver power and data to drivethe printhead, and as such removal and replacement of the printhead isnot as easy as with traditional traversing printheads.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide a printer system that is capableof providing high quality print jobs at high speeds and whichfacilitates relatively easy replacement of the printhead when necessary.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention there isprovided an inkjet printer cradle including:

-   -   a body complementary to each of a number of removable inkjet        cartridges each of a type having a pagewidth printhead and an        ink supply and each having different performance        characteristics; and    -   a controller arranged to determine the performance        characteristics of each of said number of cartridges once        coupled to said cradle and to operate each said cartridge in        response to the determined performance characteristics.

Preferably, the controller is arranged to operate each of a number ofremovable inkjet cartridges having performance characteristics whichdiffer by one or more of: optimum printing speed; ink capacity.

Preferably, the body includes a recess to receive any one of the numberof removable inkjet cartridges.

It will be appreciated that the present invention provides a printersystem having a cradle unit that is adapted to receive a pagewidthprinthead and associated printing fluid storage means in a cartridgeform which can be readily removed and replaced from the printer cradle.The provision of a cradle unit that can operate a number of removableinkjet cartridges having different performance characteristics makes itpossible to provide an inkjet printer that can readily be upgraded ordowngraded depending upon the type of cartridge being used. In thisregard, the present invention provides a printer system that is capableof providing high quality print jobs at variable speeds and whichfacilitates easy removal and replacement of the printhead as well as theability to vary the operating characteristics of the printer systemwhere necessary.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, showing front, top and right-hand sides ofa printer cartridge according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention in combination with a printer cradle.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the printer cartridge.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, showing front, top and right-hand sides ofthe printer cartridge prior to insertion into the printer cradle.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view, showing rear, bottom and left-hand sidesof the printer cartridge.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view, showing, front, bottom and right-hand,sides of the printer cartridge in a partly dismantled state.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view, showing front, bottom and right-hand sidesof the printer cartridge in an exploded state.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the underside of a base molding of thecartridge revealing a number of printing fluid conduits.

FIG. 8 is a right-hand plan view of the printer cartridge.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the printer cartridge.

FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view through a printhead chip nozzle in afirst state of operation.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view through the printhead chip nozzle in asecond state of operation.

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view through a printhead chip nozzlesubsequent to ejection of an ink droplet.

FIG. 13 is a perspective, and partially cutaway, view of a printheadchip nozzle subsequent to ejection of an ink droplet.

FIG. 14 is a perspective cross section of a printhead chip nozzle.

FIG. 15 is a cross section of a printhead chip nozzle.

FIG. 16 is a perspective and partially cutaway perspective view of aprinthead chip nozzle.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a printhead chip nozzle.

FIG. 18 is a plan, and partially cutaway view of a printhead chipnozzle.

FIG. 19 is a perspective cross-sectioned view of a portion of aprinthead chip.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of the printer cradle.

FIG. 21 is a perspective, front, left-hand, upper side view of theprinter cradle.

FIG. 22 is a front plan view of the printer cradle.

FIG. 23 is a top plan view of the printer cradle.

FIG. 24 is a bottom plan view of the printer cradle.

FIG. 25 is a right-hand plan view of the printer cradle.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the left-hand, front and top sides ofthe printer cradle in an exploded state.

FIG. 27 is a right-hand, and partially cutaway, plan view of the printercradle.

FIG. 28 is a perspective, rear left-hand and upper view of the printercradle with print cartridge inserted.

FIG. 29 is a perspective, rear left-hand and upper side view of theprinter cradle with RFI shield removed.

FIG. 30 is a perspective detail view of a portion of the left-hand sideof the printer cradle.

FIG. 31 is a perspective detail view of a portion of the right-hand sideof the printer cradle.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a single SoPEC chip controller board.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a twin SoPEC chip controller board.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram of a SoPEC chip.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of an ink refill cartridge in an emptiedstate.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the ink refill cartridge in a fullstate.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the ink refill cartridge in an explodedstate.

FIG. 38 is a cross section of the ink refill cartridge in an emptiedstate.

FIG. 39 is a cross section of the ink refill cartridge in a full state.

FIG. 40 depicts a full ink refill cartridge aligned for docking to aprinter cartridge.

FIG. 41 depicts the ink refill cartridge docked to a printer cartridgeprior to dispensing ink.

FIG. 42 depicts the ink refill cartridge docked to a printer cartridgesubsequent to dispensing ink.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 depicts an inkjet printer 2 which includes a cradle 4 thatreceives a replaceable print cartridge 6 into a recess formed in thecradle's body according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. Cartridge 6 is secured in the cradle recess by a retainer inthe form of latch 7 that is connected by a hinge to cradle 4. Visible onthe upper surface of print cartridge 6 is an ink refill port 8 whichreceives an ink refill cartridge during use.

Print Cartridge

Referring now to FIG. 2, there is depicted a block diagram of removableinkjet printer cartridge 6. Cartridge 6 includes ink refill port 8 andan ink delivery assembly 10 for storing and delivering ink to amicro-electromechanical pagewidth print head chip 52. Printhead chip 52receives power and data signals from cradle 4 (see FIG. 1) via power anddata interface 58. A rotor element 60, which is mechanically driven bycradle 4 has three faces which respectively serve to: blot printheadchip 52 subsequent to ink ejection; seal the printhead when it is not inuse; and act as a platen during printing. Accordingly, rotor element 60acts as an auxiliary assembly to the printhead in that it assists inmaintaining proper printhead functioning. Cartridge 6 also includes anauthentication device in the form of quality assurance chip 57 whichcontains various manufacturer codes that are read by electroniccircuitry of controller board 82 of cradle 4 during use. Themanufacturer codes are read to verify the authenticity of cartridge 6.

With reference to FIGS. 3 to 9, and initially to FIG. 6, structurallycartridge 6 has a body including a base molding 20 that houses apolyethylene membrane 26 including ink storage reservoirs in the form ofpockets 28, 30, 32, 34 for each of four different printing fluids.Typically the printing fluids will be cyan, magenta, yellow and blackinks. Additional storage reservoirs may also be provided within basemolding 20 in order to receive and store an ink fixative and/or aninfrared ink as various applications may require. In this regard theremay be up to six storage reservoirs provided with base molding 20. Asmembrane 26 is filled with printing fluids it expands and conversely, asink is consumed during printing the membrane collapses.

Cover molding 36 includes a recess 38 that receives an ink inlet molding24 having a number of passageways. A number of apertures 42A-42E areformed through recess 38 and are arranged to communicate withcorresponding passageways of ink inlet molding 24. The passages of theink inlet member convey ink from an externally fitted ink refillcartridge to each of the ink storage reservoirs via a series of inkdelivery paths formed into ink membrane 26. The ink delivery pathsconnect each aperture 42A-42E of the ink inlet member 24 to itsdedicated ink storage reservoir 28-34. The ink is typically deliveredunder under pressure thereby causing it to flow into and expand thereservoirs of membrane 26. An ink inlet seal 40 is located over theoutside of recess 38 in order to seal apertures 42A-42E prior to use.

Pagewidth printhead chip 52 is disposed along the outside of cartridgebase molding 20 in the region below the ink storage reservoirs. As shownin FIG. 7, a number of conduits 43A-43E are formed in the underside ofthe cartridge base molding and are in direct communication with each ofink storage reservoirs 28, 30, 32, 34. The conduits provide an inkdelivery path from the underside of cartridge base molding 20 to inletports provided in ink delivery moldings 48 onto which the printhead chip52 is attached.

Referring again to FIG. 6, ink delivery moldings 48 are preferably madefrom a plastic, such as LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) via an injectionmolding process and include a plurality of elongate conduits disposedalong the length thereof arranged to distribute printing fluids from thereservoirs in membrane 26 to printhead chip 52. Each of the elongateconduits are dedicated to carry a specific fluid, such as a particularcolor ink or a fixative and to allow the fluid to be distributed alongthe length of the printhead. To assist in controlled delivery of theprinting fluid an ink sealing strip 45 is placed between cartridge basemolding 20 and ink delivery molding 48. The ink sealing strip is formedwith apertures that allow fluid transfer to occur between the twoelements, however the strip acts to seal the channels formed in thecartridge base molding to prevent fluid leakage.

Formed in cartridge base molding 20 adjacent the elongate inkdistribution conduits, is an air distribution channel 50 that acts todistribute pressurized air from air inlet port 76 over the nozzles ofprinthead 52. The air distribution channel runs along the length ofprinthead 52 and communicates with air inlet port 76. A porous airfilter 51 extends along the length of air distribution channel 50 andserves to remove dust and particulate matter that may be present in theair and which might otherwise contaminate printhead 52. Porous airfilter 51 has a selected porosity so that only air at a desiredthreshold pressure is able to pass through it, thereby ensuring that theair is evenly delivered at a constant pressure along the length of theprinthead. In use, channel 50 firstly fills with compressed air until itreaches the threshold pressure within the channel. Once the thresholdpressure is reached the air is able to pass through porous air filter 51evenly along the length of the filter. The filtered air is then directedover the printhead.

The purpose of the pressurized air is to prevent degradation of theprinthead by keeping its nozzles free of dust and debris. Thepressurized air is provided by an air compressor (item 122 of FIG. 3)incorporated into cradle 4. An air nozzle (item 124 of FIG. 3) of thecompressor pierces air seal 44 upon insertion of cartridge 6 into cradle4 and mates with air inlet port 76. An air coverplate 54 is fixed to thecartridge base molding and evenly distributes air across printhead 52 inthe manner described above.

Power and data signals are provided to printhead 52 by means of busbar56 which is in turn coupled to external data and power connectors 58Aand 58B. An authentication device in the form of a quality assurance(QA) chip 57 is mounted to connector 58A. Upon inserting print cartridge6 into cradle 4 the data and power connectors 58A and 58B, and QA chip57, mate with corresponding connectors (items 84A, 84B of FIG. 3) oncradle 4, thereby facilitating power and data communication between thecradle and the cartridge. QA chip 57 is tested in use by a portion ofcontroller board 82 configured to act as a suitable verificationcircuit.

Rotor element 60 is rotatably mounted adjacent and parallel to printhead52. The rotor element has three faces, as briefly explained previously,as follows: a platen face, which during printing acts as a support forprint media and assists in bringing the print media close to printhead52; a capping face for capping the printhead when not in use in order toreduce evaporation of printing fluids from the nozzles; and a blotterface, for blotting the printhead subsequent to a printing operation. Thethree faces of the rotor element are each separated by 120 degrees.

At opposite ends of rotor element 60 there extend axial pins 64A and 64Babout which are fixed cogs 62A and 62B respectively. The free ends ofaxial pins 64A and 64B are received into slider blocks 66A and 66B.Slider blocks 66A and 66B include flanges 68A and 68B which are locatedwithin slots 70A and 70B of end plates 22A and 22B. The end plates arefixed at either end of cartridge base molding 20.

Slider blocks 66A and 66B are biased towards the printhead end of slots70A and 70B by springs 72A and 72B held at either end by their insertioninto blind holes in slider block 66A and 66B and by their seating overprotrusions into slots 70A and 70B as best seen in FIG. 8. Accordingly,rotor element 60 is normally biased so it is brought closely adjacent toprinthead 52.

During transport, and whilst printer cartridge 6 is being inserted intocradle 4, rotor element 60 is arranged so that its capping face capsprinthead 52 in order to prevent the surrounding air from drying out theprinthead's nozzles.

Printhead

A preferred design for pagewidth printhead 52 will now be explained. Aprinthead of the following type may be fabricated with a width ofgreater than eight inches if desired and will typically include at least20,000 nozzles and in some variations more than 30,000. The preferredprinthead nozzle arrangement, comprising a nozzle and correspondingactuator, will now be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 19. FIG.19 shows an array of the nozzle arrangements 801 formed on a siliconsubstrate 8015. The nozzle arrangements are identical, but in thepreferred embodiment, different nozzle arrangements are fed withdifferent colored inks and fixative. It will be noted that rows of thenozzle arrangements 801 are staggered with respect to each other,allowing closer spacing of ink dots during printing than would bepossible with a single row of nozzles. The multiple rows also allow forredundancy (if desired), thereby allowing for a predetermined failurerate per nozzle.

Each nozzle arrangement 801 is the product of an integrated circuitfabrication technique. In particular, the nozzle arrangement 801 definesa micro-electromechanical system (MEMS).

For clarity and ease of description, the construction and operation of asingle nozzle arrangement 801 will be described with reference to FIGS.10 to 18.

The ink jet printhead chip 52 (see FIG. 6) includes a silicon wafersubstrate 8015. 0.35 Micron 1 P4M 12 volt CMOS microprocessing circuitryis positioned on the silicon wafer substrate 8015.

A silicon dioxide (or alternatively glass) layer 8017 is positioned onthe wafer substrate 8015. The silicon dioxide layer 8017 defines CMOSdielectric layers. CMOS top-level metal defines a pair of alignedaluminium electrode contact layers 8030 positioned on the silicondioxide layer 8017. Both the silicon wafer substrate 8015 and thesilicon dioxide layer 8017 are etched to define an ink inlet channel8014 having a generally circular cross section (in plan). An aluminiumdiffusion barrier 8028 of CMOS metal 1, CMOS metal 2/3 and CMOS toplevel metal is positioned in the silicon dioxide layer 8017 about theink inlet channel 8014. The diffusion barrier 8028 serves to inhibit thediffusion of hydroxyl ions through CMOS oxide layers of the drivecircuitry layer 8017.

A passivation layer in the form of a layer of silicon nitride 8031 ispositioned over the aluminium contact layers 8030 and the silicondioxide layer 8017. Each portion of the passivation layer 8031positioned over the contact layers 8030 has an opening 8032 definedtherein to provide access to the contacts 8030.

The nozzle arrangement 801 includes a nozzle chamber 8029 defined by anannular nozzle wall 8033, which terminates at an upper end in a nozzleroof 805 and a radially inner nozzle rim 804 that is circular in plan.The ink inlet channel 8014 is in fluid communication with the nozzlechamber 8029. At a lower end of the nozzle wall, there is disposed amoving rim 8010, that includes a moving seal lip 8040. An encirclingwall 8038 surrounds the movable nozzle, and includes a stationary seallip 8039 that, when the nozzle is at rest as shown in FIG. 10, isadjacent the moving rim 8010. A fluidic seal 8011 is formed due to thesurface tension of ink trapped between the stationary seal lip 8039 andthe moving seal lip 8040. This prevents leakage of ink from the chamberwhilst providing a low resistance coupling between the encircling wall8038 and the nozzle wall 8033.

As best shown in FIG. 17, a plurality of radially extending recesses8035 is defined in the roof 805 about the nozzle rim 804. The recesses8035 serve to contain radial ink flow as a result of ink escaping pastthe nozzle rim 804.

The nozzle wall 8033 forms part of a lever arrangement that is mountedto a carrier 8036 having a generally U-shaped profile with a base 8037attached to the layer 8031 of silicon nitride.

The lever arrangement also includes a lever arm 8018 that extends fromthe nozzle walls and incorporates a lateral stiffening beam 8022. Thelever arm 8018 is attached to a pair of passive beams 806, formed fromtitanium nitride (TiN) and positioned on either side of the nozzlearrangement, as best shown in FIGS. 13 and 18. The other ends of thepassive beams 806 are attached to the carrier 8036.

The lever arm 8018 is also attached to an actuator beam 807, which isformed from TiN. It will be noted that this attachment to the actuatorbeam is made at a point a small but critical distance higher than theattachments to the passive beam 806.

As best shown in FIGS. 13 and 16, the actuator beam 807 is substantiallyU-shaped shaped in plan, defining a current path between the electrode809 and an opposite electrode 8041. Each of the electrodes 809 and 8041are electrically connected to respective points in the contact layer8030. As well as being electrically coupled via the contacts 809, theactuator beam is also mechanically anchored to anchor 808. The anchor808 is configured to constrain motion of the actuator beam 807 to theleft of FIGS. 10 to 12 when the nozzle arrangement is in operation.

The TiN in the actuator beam 807 is conductive, but has a high enoughelectrical resistance that it undergoes self-heating when a current ispassed between the electrodes 809 and 8041. No current flows through thepassive beams 806, so they do not expand.

In use, the device at rest is filled with ink 8013 that defines ameniscus 803 under the influence of surface tension. The ink is retainedin the chamber 8029 by the meniscus, and will not generally leak out inthe absence of some other physical influence.

As shown in FIG. 11, to fire ink from the nozzle, a current is passedbetween the contacts 809 and 8041, passing through the actuator beam807. The self-heating of the beam 807 due to its resistance causes thebeam to expand. The dimensions and design of the actuator beam 807 meanthat the majority of the expansion in a horizontal direction withrespect to FIGS. 10 to 12. The expansion is constrained to the left bythe anchor 808, so the end of the actuator beam 807 adjacent the leverarm 8018 is impelled to the right.

The relative horizontal inflexibility of the passive beams 806 preventsthem from allowing much horizontal movement the lever arm 8018. However,the relative displacement of the attachment points of the passive beamsand actuator beam respectively to the lever arm causes a twistingmovement that causes the lever arm 8018 to move generally downwards. Themovement is effectively a pivoting or hinging motion. However, theabsence of a true pivot point means that the rotation is about a pivotregion defined by bending of the passive beams 806.

The downward movement (and slight rotation) of the lever arm 8018 isamplified by the distance of the nozzle wall 8033 from the passive beams806. The downward movement of the nozzle walls and roof causes apressure increase within the chamber 8029, causing the meniscus to bulgeas shown in FIG. 11. It will be noted that the surface tension of theink means the fluid seal 8011 is stretched by this motion withoutallowing ink to leak out.

As shown in FIG. 12, at the appropriate time, the drive current isstopped and the actuator beam 807 quickly cools and contracts. Thecontraction causes the lever arm to commence its return to the quiescentposition, which in turn causes a reduction in pressure in the chamber8029. The interplay of the momentum of the bulging ink and its inherentsurface tension, and the negative pressure caused by the upward movementof the nozzle chamber 8029 causes thinning, and ultimately snapping, ofthe bulging meniscus to define an ink drop 802 that continues upwardsuntil it contacts adjacent print media.

Immediately after the drop 802 detaches, meniscus 803 forms the concaveshape shown in FIG. 12. Surface tension causes the pressure in thechamber 8029 to remain relatively low until ink has been sucked upwardsthrough the inlet 8014, which returns the nozzle arrangement and the inkto the quiescent situation shown in FIG. 10.

As best shown in FIG. 13, the nozzle arrangement also incorporates atest mechanism that can be used both post-manufacture and periodicallyafter the printhead is installed. The test mechanism includes a pair ofcontacts 8020 that are connected to test circuitry (not shown). Abridging contact 8019 is provided on a finger 8080 that extends from thelever arm 8018. Because the bridging contact 8019 is on the oppositeside of the passive beams 806, actuation of the nozzle causes thepriding contact to move upwardly, into contact with the contacts 8020.Test circuitry can be used to confirm that actuation causes this closingof the circuit formed by the contacts 8019 and 8020. If the circuitclosed appropriately, it can generally be assumed that the nozzle isoperative.

Cradle

FIG. 20 is a functional block diagram of printer cradle 4. The printercradle is built around a controller board 82 that includes one or morecustom Small Office Home Office Printer Engine Chips (SoPEC) whosearchitecture will be described in detail shortly. Controller board 82 iscoupled to a USB port 130 for connection to an external computationaldevice such as a personal computer or digital camera containing digitalfiles for printing. Controller board 82 also monitors:

a paper sensor 192, which detects the presence of print media;

a printer cartridge chip interface 84, which in use couples to printercartridge QA chip 57 (see FIG. 6);

an ink refill cartridge QA chip contact 132, which in use couples to anink refill cartridge QA chip (visible as item 176 in FIG. 37); and

rotor element angle sensor 149, which detects the orientation of rotorelement 60 (see FIG. 6).

In use the controller board processes the data received from USB port130 and from the various sensors described above and in response drivesa motor 110, tricolor indicator LED 135 and, via interface 84, printheadchip 52 (see FIG. 6). As will be explained in more detail later, motor110 is mechanically coupled to drive a number of mechanisms that provideauxiliary services to print cartridge 6 (see FIG. 6). The drivenmechanisms include:

a rotor element drive assembly 145, for operating rotor element 60 (seeFIG. 6);

a print media transport assembly 93, which passes print media acrossprinthead chip 52 during printing; and

an air compressor 122 which provides compressed air to keep printheadchip 52 (see FIG. 6) clear of debris.

As will be explained in more detail shortly, motor 110 is coupled toeach of the above mechanisms by a transmission assembly which includes adirect drive coupling from the motor spindle to an impeller of the aircompressor and a worm-gear and cog transmission to the rotor element andprint media transport assembly.

The structure of cradle 4 will now be explained with reference to FIGS.21 to 31. As most clearly seen in the exploded view of FIG. 26, cradle 4has a body shaped to complement cartridge 6 so that when mated togetherthey form an inkjet printer. The cradle body is formed of base molding90 and cradle molding 80. The base molding acts as a support base forthe cradle and also locates drive motor 110, rotor element roller 94 anddrive roller 96. The base molding is snap fastened to cradle molding 80by means of a number of corresponding flanges 120 and slots 123. Cradlemolding 80 defines an elongate recess 89 dimensioned to locate printcartridge 6. A number of indentations in the form of slots 86 are formedin an internal wall of the cradle for receiving complementaryprotrusions in the form of ribs 78 (FIG. 4) of cartridge 6. Consequentlycartridge 6 must be correctly orientated in order for it to be fullyreceived into cradle molding 80. Furthermore, the slots ensures thatonly those cartridges that are supported by the electronics of thecradle, and hence have non-interfering ribs, can be inserted into thecradle, thereby overcoming the problem of the drive electronics of thecradle attempting to drive cartridges having unsupported performancecharacteristics. Controller 82 is arranged to determine the performancecharacteristics of cartridges inserted into cradle 4 and to operate eachcartridge operate each cartridge in response to the determinedperformance characteristics. Consequently, it is possible for an inkjetcradle to be provided with a starter cartridge having relatively basicperformance characteristics and then to upgrade as desired by replacingthe starter cartridge with an improved performance upgrade cartridge.For example the upgrade cartridge may be capable of a higher print rateor support more inks than the starter cartridge.

With reference to FIG. 25, drive shaft 127 of motor 110 terminates in aworm gear 129 that meshes with a cog 125 that is, in turn, fixed todrive roller 96 (see FIG. 26). Referring again to FIG. 26, the driveroller is supported at either end by bearing mount assemblies 100A and100B, which are in turn fixed into slots 101A and 101B of cradlemounting 80 (see also FIG. 30). Similarly, rotor element translationroller 94 and pinch roller 98 are also supported by bearing mountassemblies 100A and 100B.

Referring now to FIG. 30, opposite the motor end of drive roller 96there is located a flipper gear assembly 140. The flipper gear assemblyconsists of a housing 144 which holds an inner gear 142 and an outergear 143 that mesh with each other. The inner gear is fixed and coaxialwith drive roller 96 whereas housing 144 is free to rotate about driveroller 96. In use the housing rotates with drive roller 96 taking withit outer gear 143 until it either abuts a stopper located on the cradlebase molding 90 or outer gear 143 meshes with rotor element drive cog146. The direction of rotation of drive roller 96 is dependent on thesense of the driving current applied to motor 110 by control board 82(see FIG. 29). The meshing of outer gear 143 with rotor element drivecog 146 forms rotor element drive assembly 145 comprising drive roller96, inner gear 142, outer gear 143 and rotor element drive cog 146.Consequently, in this configuration power can be transmitted from driveroller 96 to rotor element drive roller 94.

With reference to FIGS. 30 and 31, the opposite ends of rotor elementdrive roller 94 terminate in cams 148A and 148B which are located incorresponding cam followers 150A and 150B. Cam followers 150A and 150Bare ring shaped and pivotally secured at one side by pivot pins 152A and152B respectively. Hinged jaws 154A and 154B are provided for clutchingthe rotor element slider blocks (items 66A, 66B of FIG. 6) of theprinter cartridge. The jaws are each pivotally connected to camfollowers 150A and 150B opposite pins 152A and 152B respectively. Uponrotor element drive roller 94 being rotated, cams 148A and 148B abut theinner wall of cam followers 150A and 150B thereby causing the camfollowers to rise taking with them jaws 154A and 154B respectively.

In order to ensure that rotor element 60 is rotated through the correctangle, cradle 4 includes a rotor element sensor unit 156 (FIG. 20) todetect the actual orientation of the rotor element. Sensor unit 156 (seeFIG. 31) consists of a light source and a detector unit which detectsthe presence of reflected light. Rotor element 60 has a reflectivesurface that is arranged to reflect rays from the light source so thatthe orientation of the rotor element can be detected by sensor 156. Inparticular, by monitoring sensor unit 156, controller board 82 is ableto determine which face of rotor element 60 is adjacent printhead 52.

Apart from driving drive roller 96, motor 110 also drives an aircompressor 122 that includes a fan housing 112, air filter 116 andimpeller 114. Fan housing 112 includes an air outlet 124 that is adaptedto mate with air inlet port 76 (FIG. 6) of cartridge 6

A metal backplane 92 is secured to the rear of cradle molding 80 as maybe best seen in side view in FIG. 25 and in cross section in FIG. 27.Mounted to backplane 92 is a control board 82 loaded with variouselectronic circuitry. The control board is covered by a metal radiofrequency interference (RFI) shield 102. Control board 82 iselectrically coupled to cradle connectors 84A and 84B via a flex PCBconnector 106 and also to an external data and power connection point inthe form of USB port connector 130. USB connector 130 enables connectionto an external personal computer or other computational device. Cradleconnectors 84A, 84B are supported in slots formed at either end ofcradle molding 80 and are arranged so that upon printer cartridge 6being fully inserted into recess 89 of the cradle molding, cradleconnectors 84A and 84B make electrical contact with cartridge connectors58A and 58B (see FIG. 6).

Controller board 82 is connected by various cable looms and flexible PCB106 to QA chip contact 132. The QA chip contact is located in a recess134 formed in cradle molding 80 and is situated so that during inkrefilling it makes contact with a QA chip 176 located in an ink refillcartridge that will be described shortly.

Controller board 82 also drives a tricolor indicator LED (item 135 ofFIG. 20) which is optically coupled to a lightpipe 136. The lightpipeterminates in an indicator port 138 formed in cradle molding 80 so thatlight from the tricolor indicator LED may be viewed from outside thecasing.

Controller Board

Printer units according to a preferred embodiment of the invention havea fundamental structure, namely a cradle assembly which contains all ofthe necessary electronics, power and paper handling requirements, and acartridge unit that includes the highly specialised printhead and inkhandling requirements of the system, such that it may be possible for acradle unit to support a cartridge unit which enables differentcapabilities without the need to purchase a new cradle unit.

In this regard, a range of cartridge units, each having a number ofdifferent features may be provided. For example, in a simple form it maybe possible to provide a cartridge unit of three distinct types:

-   -   Starter Unit—15 ppm cartridge with 150 ml of ink capacity    -   Intermediate Unit—30 ppm cartridge with 300 ml of ink capacity    -   Professional Unit—60 ppm cartridge with +300 ml of ink storage        capacity.        Such a system may be supported on one cradle unit with the user        able to purchase different cartridge units depending upon their        requirements and cost considerations.

In the case of the professional unit, it may be required that a specialcradle unit be provided that supports the more developed and refinedfunctionality of such a cartridge unit. Cartridge units of differentfunctionality may bear indicia such as color coded markings so thattheir compatibility with the cradle units can be easily identified.

In this regard, FIG. 32 shows the main PCB unit for a cradle unitoperating at 15-30 ppm, whilst FIG. 33 shows a main PCB unit for drivinga cartridge unit operating at 60 ppm. As can be seen the PCBs are almostidentical with the main difference being the presence of 2 SoPEC chipson the 60 ppm PCB. Hence, even if a user has purchased a cradle unitwhich may not initially support a more powerful cartridge unit, thepresent system structure makes it easy for the cradle unit to be easilyupgraded to support such systems.

The printer preferably also includes one or more system on a chip (SoC)components, as well as the print engine pipeline control applicationspecific logic, configured to perform some or all of the functionsdescribed above in relation to the printing pipeline.

Referring now to FIG. 34, from the highest point of view a SoPEC deviceconsists of 3 distinct subsystems: a Central Processing Unit (CPU)subsystem 301, a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) subsystem 302 and aPrint Engine Pipeline (PEP) subsystem 303.

The CPU subsystem 301 includes a CPU 30 that controls and configures allaspects of the other subsystems. It provides general support forinterfacing and synchronizing the external printer with the internalprint engine. It also controls the low-speed communication to QA chips(which are described elsewhere in this specification). The CPU subsystem301 also contains various peripherals to aid the CPU, such as GeneralPurpose Input Output (GPIO, which includes motor control), an InterruptController Unit (ICU), LSS Master and general timers. The SerialCommunications Block (SCB) on the CPU subsystem provides a full speedUSB1.1 interface to the host as well as an Inter SoPEC Interface (ISI)to other SoPEC devices (not shown).

The DRAM subsystem 302 accepts requests from the CPU, SerialCommunications Block (SCB) and blocks within the PEP subsystem. The DRAMsubsystem 302, and in particular the DRAM Interface Unit (DIU),arbitrates the various requests and determines which request should winaccess to the DRAM. The DIU arbitrates based on configured parameters,to allow sufficient access to DRAM for all requesters. The DIU alsohides the implementation specifics of the DRAM such as page size, numberof banks and refresh rates.

The Print Engine Pipeline (PEP) subsystem 303 accepts compressed pagesfrom DRAM and renders them to bi-level dots for a given print linedestined for a printhead interface that communicates directly with up to2 segments of a bi-lithic printhead. The first stage of the pageexpansion pipeline is the Contone Decoder Unit (CDU), Lossless Bi-levelDecoder (LBD) and Tag Encoder (TE). The CDU expands the JPEG-compressedcontone (typically CMYK) layers, the LBD expands the compressed bi-levellayer (typically K), and the TE encodes Netpage tags for later rendering(typically in IR or K ink). The output from the first stage is a set ofbuffers: the Contone FIFO unit (CFU), the Spot FIFO Unit (SFU), and theTag FIFO Unit (TFU). The CFU and SFU buffers are implemented in DRAM.

The second stage is the Halftone Compositor Unit (HCU), which dithersthe contone contone layer and composites position tags and the bi-levelspot layer over the resulting bi-level dithered layer.

A number of compositing options can be implemented, depending upon theprinthead with which the SoPEC device is used. Up to 6 channels ofbi-level data are produced from this stage, although not all channelsmay be present on the printhead. For example, the printhead may be CMYonly, with K pushed into the CMY channels and IR ignored. Alternatively,the encoded tags may be printed in K if IR ink is not available (or fortesting purposes).

In the third stage, a Dead Nozzle Compensator (DNC) compensates for deadnozzles in the printhead by color redundancy and error diffusing of deadnozzle data into surrounding dots.

The resultant bi-level 6 channel dot-data (typically CMYK, Infrared,Fixative) is buffered and written to a set of line buffers stored inDRAM via a Dotline Writer Unit (DWU).

Finally, the dot-data is loaded back from DRAM, and passed to theprinthead interface via a dot FIFO. The dot FIFO accepts data from aLine Loader Unit (LLU) at the system clock rate (pclk), while thePrintHead Interface (PHI) removes data from the FIFO and sends it to theprinthead at a rate of ⅔ times the system clock rate.

In the preferred form, the DRAM is 2.5 Mbytes in size, of which about 2Mbytes are available for compressed page store data. A compressed pageis received in two or more bands, with a number of bands stored inmemory. As a band of the page is consumed by the PEP subsystem 303 forprinting, a new band can be downloaded. The new band may be for thecurrent page or the next page.

Using banding it is possible to begin printing a page before thecomplete compressed page is downloaded, but care must be taken to ensurethat data is always available for printing or a buffer under-run mayoccur.

The embedded USB1.1 device accepts compressed page data and controlcommands from the host PC, and facilitates the data transfer to eitherthe DRAM (or to another SoPEC device in multi-SoPEC systems, asdescribed below).

Multiple SoPEC devices can be used in alternative embodiments, and canperform different functions depending upon the particularimplementation. For example, in some cases a SoPEC device can be usedsimply for its onboard DRAM, while another SoPEC device attends to thevarious decompression and formatting functions described above. This canreduce the chance of buffer under-run, which can happen in the eventthat the printer commences printing a page prior to all the data forthat page being received and the rest of the data is not received intime. Adding an extra SoPEC device for its memory buffering capabilitiesdoubles the amount of data that can be buffered, even if none of theother capabilities of the additional chip are utilized.

Each SoPEC system can have several quality assurance (QA) devicesdesigned to cooperate with each other to ensure the quality of theprinter mechanics, the quality of the ink supply so the printheadnozzles will not be damaged during prints, and the quality of thesoftware to ensure printheads and mechanics are not damaged.

Normally, each printing SoPEC will have an associated printer QA, whichstores information printer attributes such as maximum print speed. Anink cartridge for use with the system will also contain an ink QA chip,which stores cartridge information such as the amount of ink remaining.The printhead also has a QA chip, configured to act as a ROM(effectively as an EEPROM) that stores printhead-specific informationsuch as dead nozzle mapping and printhead characteristics. The CPU inthe SoPEC device can optionally load and run program code from a QA Chipthat effectively acts as a serial EEPROM. Finally, the CPU in the SoPECdevice runs a logical QA chip (i.e., a software QA chip).

Usually, all QA chips in the system are physically identical, with onlythe contents of flash memory differentiating one from the other.

Each SoPEC device has two LSS system buses that can communicate with QAdevices for system authentication and ink usage accounting. A largenumber of QA devices can be used per bus and their position in thesystem is unrestricted with the exception that printer QA and ink QAdevices should be on separate LSS busses.

In use, the logical QA communicates with the ink QA to determineremaining ink. The reply from the ink QA is authenticated with referenceto the printer QA. The verification from the printer QA is itselfauthenticated by the logical QA, thereby indirectly adding an additionalauthentication level to the reply from the ink QA.

Data passed between the QA chips, other than the printhead QA, isauthenticated by way of digital signatures. In the preferred embodiment,HMAC-SHA1 authentication is used for data, and RSA is used for programcode, although other schemes could be used instead.

A single SoPEC device can control two bi-lithic printheads and up to sixcolor channels. Six channels of colored ink are the expected maximum ina consumer SOHO, or office bi-lithic printing environment, and include:

-   -   CMY (cyan, magenta, yellow), for regular color printing.    -   K (black), for black text, line graphics and gray-scale        printing.    -   IR (infrared), for Netpage-enabled applications.    -   F (fixative), to prevent smudging of prints thereby enabling        printing at high speed.

Because the bi-lithic printer is capable of printing so fast, a fixativemay be required to enable the ink to dry before the page touches thepage already printed. Otherwise ink may bleed between pages. Inrelatively low-speed printing environments the fixative may not berequired.

In the preferred form, the SoPEC device is color space agnostic.Although it can accept contone data as CMYX or RGBX, where X is anoptional 4th channel, it also can accept contone data in any print colorspace. Additionally, SoPEC provides a mechanism for arbitrary mapping ofinput channels to output channels, including combining dots for inkoptimization and generation of channels based on any number of otherchannels. However, inputs are typically CMYK for contone input, K forthe bi-level input, and the optional Netpage tag dots are typicallyrendered to an infrared layer. A fixative channel is typically generatedfor fast printing applications.

In the preferred form, the SoPEC device is also resolution agnostic. Itmerely provides a mapping between input resolutions and outputresolutions by means of scale factors. The expected output resolutionfor the preferred embodiment is 1600 dpi, but SoPEC actually has noknowledge of the physical resolution of the Bi-lithic printhead.

In the preferred form, the SoPEC device is page-length agnostic.Successive pages are typically split into bands and downloaded into thepage store as each band of information is consumed.

Sub- Unit system Acronym Unit Name Description DRAM DIU DRAM Providesthe interface for DRAM interface read and write access for the unitvarious SoPEC units, CPU and the SCB block. The DIU provides providesarbitration between competing units and controls DRAM access. DRAMEmbedded 20 Mbits of embedded DRAM. DRAM

Sub- Unit system Acronym Unit Name Description CPU CPU Central CPU forsystem configuration Process- and control. ing Unit MMU Memory Limitsaccess to certain memory Manage- address areas in CPU user mode. mentUnit RDU Real-time Facilitates the observation of Debug the contents ofmost of the Unit CPU addressable registers in SoPEC, in addition to somepseudo-registers in real time. TIM General Contains watchdog and generalTimer system timers. LSS Low Speed Low level controller for Serialinterfacing with the QA chips Interfaces GPIO General General IOcontroller, with Purpose built-in Motor control unit, LED IOs pulseunits and de-glitch circuitry ROM Boot ROM 16 KBytes of System Boot ROMcode ICU Interrupt General Purpose interrupt Control- controller withconfigurable ler Unit priority, and masking. CPR Clock, Central Unit forcontrolling and Power generating the system clocks and and Reset resetsand powerdown block mechanisms PSS Power Storage retained while systemis Save powered down Storage USB Universal USB device controller forSerial interfacing with the host USB. Bus Device ISI Inter-SoPEC ISIcontroller for data and Interface control communication with othersoPECs in a multi-SoPEC system SCB Serial Contains both the USB and ISICommunication blocks. Block

Sub- Unit system Acronym Unit Name Description Print PCU PEP Providesexternal CPU with the Engine controller means to read and write PEP UnitPipeline Unit registers, and read and write (PEP) DRAM in single 32-bitchunks. CDU Contone Expands JPEG compressed decoder contone layer andwrites unit decompressed contone to DRAM CFU Contone Provides linebuffering between FIFO Unit CDU and HCU LBD Lossless Expands compressedbi-level Bi-level layer. Decoder SFU Spot FIFO Provides line bufferingbetween Unit LBD and HCU TE Tag Encodes tag data into line of tagencoder dots. TFU Tag FIFO Provides tag data storage Unit between TE andHCU HCU Halftoner Dithers contone layer and Compos- composites thebi-level spot and itor unit position tag dots. DNC Dead Compensates fordead nozzles Nozzle by color redundancy and error Compen- diffusing deadnozzle data into sator surrounding dots. DWU Dotline Writes out the 6channels of dot Writer data for a given printline to the Unit line storeDRAM LLU Line Reads the expanded page image Loader from line store,formatting the Unit data appropriately for the bi-lithic printhead. PHIPrintHead Responsible for sending dot data Interface to the bi-lithicprintheads and for providing line synchronization between multipleSoPECs. Also provides test interface to printhead such as temperaturemonitoring and Dead Nozzle Identification.

Ink Refill Cartridge

As previously explained, printhead cartridge 6 includes an ink storagemembrane 26 that contains internal ink reservoirs 28-34 that areconnected to an ink refill port 8 formed in the top of cover molding 36.In order to refill reservoirs 28-34 an ink dispenser in the form of anink refill cartridge is provided as shown in FIGS. 35 to 42. Thestructure of refill cartridge 160 will be explained primarily withreference to FIG. 37 being an exploded view of the cartridge.

Ink cartridge 160 has an outer molding 162 which acts as an operationhandle or “plunger” and which contains an internal spring assembly 164.Spring assembly 164 includes a platform 178 from which spring members180 extend to abut the inside of cover molding 162. The spring membersbias platform 178 against a deformable ink membrane 166 that istypically made of polyethylene and contains a printing fluid, forexample a colored ink or fixative. Ink membrane 166 is housed within apolyethylene base molding 170 that slides within outer molding 162, ascan be most readily seen in FIGS. 38 and 39. An ink outlet pipe 182extends from membrane 166 and fits within an elastomeric collar 172formed in the bottom of base molding 170. A seal 174 covers collar 172prior to use of the ink refill cartridge.

At the bottom of base molding 170 there extends a lug 190, which acts asa locating feature, shaped to mate with refill port of an inkjet printercomponent such as the ink refill port 8 of printer cartridge 6. Theposition of outlet pipe 182 and collar 172 relative to lug 190 is varieddepending on the type of printing fluid which the ink refill cartridgeis intended to contain. Accordingly, a printing fluid system is providedcomprising a number of printing fluid dispensers each having an outletpositioned relative to lug 190 depending upon the type of printing fluidcontained within the dispenser. As a result, upon mating the refillcartridge to port 8, outlet 182 mates with the appropriate inlet 42A-42Eand hence refills the particular storage reservoir 28, 30, 32, 34dedicated to storing the same type of printing fluid.

Extending from one side of the bottom of base molding 170 is a flange184 to which an authentication means in the form of quality assurance(QA) chip 176 is mounted. Upon inserting ink cartridge 160 into inkrefill port 8, QA chip 176 is brought into contact with QA chip contact132 located on cradle 4.

From the outside wall of base molding 170 there extends a retainingprotrusion 168 that is received into an indentation being eitherpre-plunge recess 165 or post-plunge recess 169, both of which areformed around the inner wall of top cover molding 162 as shown in FIGS.37 and 38. Pre-plunge recess 165 is located close to the opening of thetop-cover molding whereas post-plunge recess 169 is located further upthe inner wall. When ink cartridge 160 is fully charged, retainingprotrusion 168 is engaged by pre-plunge recess 165. As will be morefully explained shortly, in order to overcome the engagement adeliberate plunging force, exceeding a predetermined threshold, must beapplied to the top cover molding. Plunging discharges the ink throughoutlet 172, and overcomes the bias of spring assembly 164 so that basemolding 170 is urged into top cover molding 162 until retainingprotrusion 168 is received into post-plunge recess 169.

Example of Use

In use printer cartridge 6 is correctly aligned above cradle 4 as shownin FIG. 3 and then inserted into recess 89 of upper cradle molding 80.As the cartridge unit is inserted into cradle 4, data and power contacts84A and 84B on the cradle electrically connect with data and powercontacts 58A and 58B of cartridge 6. Simultaneously air nozzle 124 ofair compressor assembly 122 penetrates air seal 44 and enters air inletport 76 of cartridge 6.

As can be seen in FIG. 27, the inner walls of recess 89 form a seat orshelf upon which cartridge 6 rests after insertion. A number ofresilient members in the form of springs 190 are provided to act againstthe cartridge as it is brought into position and also against theretainer catch, as it is locked over the cartridge. Consequently thesprings act to absorb shocks during insertion and then to hold thecartridge fast with the cradle 4 and latch 7 by securely biasing thecartridge in place against the latch. In an alternative the springsmight might instead be located on latch 7 in which case cartridge 6would be biased against cradle 4.

Any attempt to insert the cartridge the wrong way around will fail dueto the presence of orientating slots 86 and ribs 78 of cradle 4 andcartridge 6. Similarly, a cartridge that is not intended for use withthe cradle will not have ribs corresponding to orientating slots 86 andso will not be received irrespective of orientation. In particular, acartridge that requires driving by a cradle having a twin SoPEC chipcontroller board will not have the correct rib configuration to bereceived by a cradle having a single SoPEC chip controller board.

When the cartridge unit is first inserted into cradle unit 4, and duringtransportation, rotor element 60 is orientated so that its capping faceengages printhead 52 thereby sealing the nozzle apertures of theprinthead. Similarly, when the printer unit is not in use the cappingsurface is also brought into contact with the bottom of printhead 52 inorder to seal it. Sealing the printhead reduces evaporation of the inksolvent, which is usually water, and so reduces drying of the ink on theprint nozzles while the printer is not in use.

A remote computational device, such as a digital camera or personalcomputer, is connected to USB port 130 in order to provide power andprint data signals to cradle 4. In response to the provision of power,the processing circuitry of controller board 82 performs variousinitialization routines including: verifying the manufacturer codesstored in QA chip 57; checking the state of ink reservoirs 28-34 bymeans of the ink reservoir sensor (not shown); checking the state ofrotor element 60 by means of sensor 156; checking by means of papersensor 192 whether or not paper or other print media has been insertedinto the cradle; and tricolor indicator LED 135 to externally indicate,via lightpipe 136, the status of the unit.

Prior to carrying out a printing operation a piece of paper, or otherprint media, must be introduced into cradle 4. Upon receiving a signalto commence printing from the external computational device, controllerboard 82 checks for the presence of the paper by means of paper sensor192. If the paper is missing then tricolor LED 135 is set to indicatethat attention is required and the controller does not attempt tocommence printing. Alternatively, if paper sensor 192 indicates thepresence of a print media then controller board 82 responds by rotatingrotor element 60 to a predetermined position for printing.

In this regard, upon detection of a printing mode of operation atstart-up or during a maintenance routine, rotor element 60 is rotated sothat its blotting face is located in the ink ejection path of printhead52. The blotting surface can then act as a type of spittoon to receiveink from the print nozzles, with the ink received ink being drawn intothe body of rotor element 60 due to the absorbent nature of the materialprovided on the blotting surface. Since rotor element 60 is part of theprinter cartridge 6, the rotor element is replaced at the time ofreplacing the cartridge thereby ensuring that the blotting surface doesnot fill with ink and become messy.

Subsequent to detecting a print command at USB port 130 and confirmingthe presence of print media, controller board 82 drives motor 110 sothat drive roller 96 begins to rotate and, in cooperation with pinchroller 98, draws the print media past printhead 52. Simultaneously,controller board 82 processes print data from the external computationaldevice in order to generate control signals for printhead 52. Thecontrol signals are applied to the printhead via cradle interfaces 84A,84B, carriage interfaces 58A, 58B and flex PCB contacts at either end ofprinthead chip 52. Printhead chip 52 is bilithic, i.e. has two elongatechips that extend the length of the printhead, data is provided ateither end of the printhead where it is transferred along the length ofeach chip to each individual nozzle. Power is provided to the individualnozzles of the printhead chips via the busbars that extend along thelength of the chips. In response to received data and power, theindividual nozzles of the printhead selectively eject ink onto the printmedia as it is drawn over the platen face of rotor element 60 therebyprinting the image encoded in the data signal transmitted to USB port130.

Operation of motor 110 causes air compressor 122 to direct air into thecartridge base molding. The air is channeled via fluid delivery paths incartridge base molding 20 into the space behind air filter 51. Upon theair pressure building up to a sufficient level to overcome theresistance of the air filter 51, air is directed out through pores inair filter 51 along the length of the bottom of the cartridge basemolding. The directed air is received between printhead chip 52 and aircoverplate 54 whilst the printer is operating and is directed past theprinthead chip surface, thereby serving to prevent degradation of theprinthead by keeping it free of dust and debris.

Referring now to FIG. 40, the first step of the ink refilling procedureis initiated by refill sensor (not shown) indicating to controller board82 that there is a deficiency of printing fluid in storage reservoirs28, 30, 32, 34. In response to the signal from the ink cartridge QA chipthat the ink is nearly depleted, controller board 82 activates indicatorLED 138 to inform the user that another refill is necessary.Alternatively, the detection of whether there is a deficiency ofprinting ink might instead be calculated by the electronics of thecontroller board. As the volume of ink per nozzle injection is known andis consistent throughout the operation of the printhead (approximately 1picolitre) the amount of ink delivered by the printhead can becalculated as well as the consumption of each color or type of ink. Inthis regard controller board 82 is able to monitor the consumption ofeach printing fluid and once this level has reached a predeterminedlevel, the tricolor indicator LED can be asserted to indicate to a userthat there is a need to replenish the printing fluids.

Light from the indicator LED is transmitted by lightpipe 136 in orderfor an external indication to be presented to an operator of the printerat indicator port 138 of cradle 4. This indication can convey to theuser the color or type of ink that requires replenishing. The controllerboard can also send a signal via USB port 130 to the remotecomputational device to display to the user via the computational devicethe type of ink that requires replenishment.

In order for the refilling procedure to proceed, printer cartridge 6must be in place in printer cradle 4. An ink refill cartridge 160 of therequired type of ink is then brought into position over the ink refillport 8 that is situated on the upper surface of printer cartridge 6. Aspreviously described, ink refill port 8 includes a series of inlets42A-42E protected by a sealing film 40. Beneath sealing film 40 thereare located a number of printing fluid conduits 42A-42E which providedirect access to ink storage reservoirs 28, 30, 32, 34. An ink inlet isprovided for each of the printing fluids, namely C, M, Y, K and Infraredand fixative where required. The position of the inlet for each of thedifferent fluids is strategically placed laterally along inlet port 8 sothat the ink outlet pin 182 of refill cartridge 160 automatically alignsand communicates with the particular one of inlets 42A-42E for thespecific printing fluid that cartridge 160 contains and which is to beis to be replenished.

The second step of the ink refilling stage is shown in FIG. 41. In thisfigure, refill cartridge 160 has been docked into refill port 8 in thecartridge unit. Upon docking of refill cartridge 160 into refill port 8,ink refill QA chip 176 automatically aligns with QA contact 132 on thecradle unit. Controller board 82 interrogates the various codes storedin QA chip 176 in order to verify the integrity and authenticity of inkrefill cartridge 160. If controller board 82 determines that QA chip 176verifies the presence of authentic ink, namely from the appropriatemanufacturer and of the required color or type, then it sets indicatorLED indicator LED 135 to show yellow, thereby indicating that refillcartridge 160 is accepted. Alternatively, controller board 82 maydetermine that an error state exists and in response set LED 135 to redin order to indicate that there is a problem with the refill cartridge.For example, an error state may be determined to exist if QA chip 176failed to pass the verification step. Furthermore, it will often be thecase that only one of reservoirs 28, 30, 32, 34 is in need ofreplenishment. For example, a reservoir that is assigned to store cyancolored ink may require refilling. In that case, should QA chip 176indicates that ink refill cartridge 160 contains non-cyan ink thencontroller board 82 will set indicator LED 135 to red in order to flagan error state.

It will be realized that in order for a QA assured refill to occur,communication between all parts of the printer unit is required. Thatis, printer cartridge 6 must be positioned in printer cradle 4 and inkrefill cartridge 160 must be docked with cartridge 6 so that ink refillQA chip 176 is in contact with ink QA chip contact 132. This ensuresthat each refilling action is controlled and reduces the potential forincorrect refilling which may damage the working of the printer.

As shown in FIG. 41, when ink refill cartridge 160 is docked in refillport 8 of cartridge unit 6, ink outlet pin 182 (see FIG. 39) penetratessealing film 40 and one of apertures 42A-42E of the refill port tocommunicate with a corresponding one of ink inlets 24. Ink inlet 24 isprovided as an elastomeric molding so that penetration of ink seal 32,which is located over ink refill cartridge outlet pin 182, occursautomatically. As a consequence, self-sealing fluid communication isensured between the ink stored in refill cartridge 160, ink deliveryconduits 43A-43E and storage reservoirs 28-34. The self-sealing fluidcommunication results in a pressurised fluid flow of ink into one ofreservoirs 28, 30, 32, 34 occurring upon outer molding 162 beingdepressed.

As shown in FIG. 42, the third stage of the ink refilling procedureoccurs when top top cover molding 162 is depressed thereby expelling theink present within the ink refill cartridge 160 into one of printercartridge reservoirs 28-34. Following depressing of outer molding 162 itis apparent to an operator that the ink refill cartridge 160 has beenspent and can therefore be removed from printer cartridge 6 as therefill stage is now complete. Upon completion of the refill stage refillsensor (not shown) generates a signal indicating that the printing fluidlevel in each of reservoirs 28-34 is greater than a predetermined level.In response to the signal from the refill sensor, controller board 82sets indicator LED 135 to shine green thereby indicating to the operatorthat the refill process has been successfully completed.

The force with which ink is expelled from ink refill cartridge 160 isdetermined by the degree of plunging force applied to the top covermolding 162 by an operator. Accordingly top cover molding 162 acts as anoperation handle or plunger for the ink refill cartridge. Consequentlyit is possible that if the refilling step is not done carefully or donein haste, that the ink may be delivered to printer cartridge 6 at anunduly high pressure. Such a pressure could cause the ink stored withinprinter cartridge 6 to burst the ink storage membrane 26 and hence causean ink spill within the cartridge unit that might irreparably damage theprinter cartridge. The internal spring molding 164 prevents inadvertentbursting of the membrane by providing a safety mechanism against overpressurizing the ink being expelled from the refill unit. In this regardspring molding 164 is designed to limit the maximum force transmittedfrom the plunging of top cover molding 162 to deformable ink membrane26. Any force applied to top cover molding 162 which would cause ink tobe expelled at a pressure above a maximum allowable level is taken up byspring molding 164 and stored within the spring members 180. Springmolding 164 is suitably designed to prevent undue force beinginstantaneously applied to refill ink membrane 166. That is, itsdeformation and/or elastic characteristics are selected so that itlimits pressure in the membrane to a predetermined level.

As shown most clearly in FIGS. 38 and 39 a retaining protrusion 168 islocated on the side of base molding 170. Whilst ink cartridge 160 is inits pre-plunged state, retaining protrusion 168 mates with pre-plungerecess 165. Engagement of protrusion 168 with the pre-plunge recessprovides an additional measure of security during the refill process.This is because the engagement prevents unintended forces being appliedfrom the top cover molding onto the internal ink membrane 166 and soprevents inadvertent plunging of the top cover during transport ordelivery. Subsequent to docking of ink refill cartridge 160 with refillport 8, top cover 162 is plunged with sufficient force to overcome theengagement of retaining protrusion 168 by pre-plunge recess 165.Plunging top cover molding 162 causes platform 178 of the springassembly 164 against ink membrane 166 thereby expelling the ink throughoutlet pipe 182 and into printer cartridge ink reservoir membrane 166.In order to overcome the initial engagement of retaining protrusion 168,an initial high force may have to be applied. Spring member 164momentarily acts to protect ink membrane 166 from being over pressurizedfor this instance. Following the initial application of force normalplunging proceeds. As shown in FIG. 38, upon completion of the refillingstep, retaining protrusion 168 comes into engagement with a lockingfeature in the form of post-plunge recess 169 which is located towardsthe top of the inside wall of ink cartridge outer molding 169. Mating ofretaining protrusion 168 with upper recess 169 locks ink cartridge outermolding 169 to base molding 170 subsequent to discharging of the ink. Itwill be realized that this arrangement overcomes the potential for auser to attempt to replenish ink refill cartridge 162 with an inferiorink which could cause damage to the nozzles of the printer cartridge aswell as the ink refill cartridge. In its post-plunged configuration, thespent ink refill cartridge may be returned to a supplier. The supplierwill be provided with a be provided with a tool to unlock the refillcartridge and return the top cover to its upper position whereinauthentic ink can be refilled into the refill unit for re-use and QAchip 176 reprogrammed to verify the authenticity of the ink.

It will, of course, be realized that the above has been given only byway of illustrative example of the invention and that all suchmodifications and variations thereto, as would be apparent to personsskilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambitof the invention as defined by the following claims.

While the present invention has been illustrated and described withreference to exemplary embodiments thereof, various modifications willbe apparent to and might readily be made by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appendedhereto be limited to the description as set forth herein, but, rather,that the claims be broadly construed.

1. A printer cradle comprising: a body for removably receiving each of arange of inkjet printheads, the printheads within the range being ableto operate at different print speeds to one another, each printheadhaving printhead contacts for receiving data and power for operating theprinthead, the body having complementary contacts for establishingelectrical connection with the printhead contacts of each printhead uponinsertion thereof into the body; and a controller for determining theprint speed of an inserted printhead, the controller comprising aplurality of separate integrated circuits, each integrated circuithaving a memory buffer for print data, the controller being configuredto determine how many of the separate integrated circuits are needed tooperate the inserted printhead at the determined print speed.
 2. Acradle according to claim 1 wherein the body includes a recess forremovably receiving each printhead.
 3. A cradle according to claim 2wherein the complementary contacts are located in the recess.
 4. Acradle according to claim 1 wherein each printhead is configured as acartridge containing a pagewidth inkjet printhead and associated inksupply.